Sn Exe Generate Key Pair

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Create a test key pair with which to sign your assemblies. You can do this using sn.exe with the -k option. Test sign your assembly. You can do this using sn.exe and either the -TS or -TSc option. This will generate a signature for the assembly using the private key from your test key pair. Jan 21, 2010 You can create a key pair using the Strong Name tool (Sn.exe). Key pair files usually have an.snk extension. To create a key pair at the command prompt, type the following command: sn k In this command, file name is the name of the output file containing the key pair. The following example creates a key pair called myKey.snk. Sn -k myKey.snk. Sn.exe computes the token by using a hash function from the public key. To save space, the runtime stores public key tokens in the manifest as part of a reference to another assembly when it records a dependency to an assembly that has a strong name. Apr 09, 2013 Before strong name signing an assembly, we need to generate a public/private key pair, and obviously the dot NET Framework SDK provides tools for assigning a cryptographic signature to any built assembly. This includes the Strong Name tool “sn.exe” which will help us in building the key pair we need. Apr 11, 2020 In order to assign one or more assemblies a strong name, you must first create the 1,024-bit public and private key pair. You do this by running the Strong Name Utility (SN.EXE), like so: sn.exe -k PublicPrivateKeyFile.snk. This randomly creates a pair of 1,024-bit cryptographic keys.

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08/20/2019

signing assemblies

cryptographic key pairs

public-private key pairs

strong-named assemblies, key pairs

Do not use the -tp option to extract the token directly from a key pair file. Sn.exe computes the token by using a hash function from the public key. To save space, the common language runtime stores public key tokens in the manifest as part of a reference to another assembly when it records a dependency to an assembly that has a strong name.

To sign an assembly with a strong name, you must have a public/private key pair. This public and private cryptographic key pair is used during compilation to create a strong-named assembly. You can create a key pair using the Strong Name tool (Sn.exe). Key pair files usually have an .snk extension.

[!NOTE]In Visual Studio, the C# and Visual Basic project property pages include a Signing tab that enables you to select existing key files or to generate new key files without using Sn.exe. In Visual C++, you can specify the location of an existing key file in the Advanced property page in the Linker section of the Configuration Properties section of the Property Pages window. The use of the xref:System.Reflection.AssemblyKeyFileAttribute attribute to identify key file pairs was made obsolete beginning with Visual Studio 2005.

Create a key pair

To create a key pair, at a command prompt, type the following command:

sn –k <file name>

In this command, file name is the name of the output file containing the key pair.

The following example creates a key pair called sgKey.snk.

If you intend to delay sign an assembly and you control the whole key pair (which is unlikely outside test scenarios), you can use the following commands to generate a key pair and then extract the public key from it into a separate file. First, create the key pair:

Next, extract the public key from the key pair and copy it to a separate file:

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Once you create the key pair, you must put the file where the strong name signing tools can find it.

When signing an assembly with a strong name, the Assembly Linker (Al.exe) looks for the key file relative to the current directory and to the output directory. When using command-line compilers, you can simply copy the key to the current directory containing your code modules.

Microsoft office professional plus 2010 free key generator. If you are using an earlier version of Visual Studio that does not have a Signing tab in the project properties, the recommended key file location is the project directory with the file attribute specified as follows: Net protector key generator free download.

Syntax

Parameters

Option	Description
`-a identityKeyPairFile signaturePublicKeyFile`	Generates xref:System.Reflection.AssemblySignatureKeyAttribute data to migrate the identity key to the signature key from a file.
`-ac identityPublicKeyFile identityKeyPairContainer signaturePublicKeyFile`	Generates xref:System.Reflection.AssemblySignatureKeyAttribute data to migrate the identity key to the signature key from a key container.
`-c [csp]`	Sets the default cryptographic service provider (CSP) to use for strong name signing. This setting applies to the entire computer. If you do not specify a CSP name, Sn.exe clears the current setting.
`-d container`	Deletes the specified key container from the strong name CSP.
`-D assembly1 assembly2`	Verifies that two assemblies differ only by signature. This is often used as a check after an assembly has been re-signed with a different key pair.
`-e assembly outfile`	Extracts the public key from assembly and stores it in outfile.
`-h`	Displays command syntax and options for the tool.
`-i infile container`	Installs the key pair from infile in the specified key container. The key container resides in the strong name CSP.
`-k [keysize] outfile`	Generates a new xref:System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider key of the specified size and writes it to the specified file. Both a public and private key are written to the file. If you do not specify a key size, a 1,024-bit key is generated by default if you have the Microsoft enhanced cryptographic provider installed; otherwise, a 512-bit key is generated. The keysize parameter supports key lengths from 384 bits to 16,384 bits in increments of 8 bits if you have the Microsoft enhanced cryptographic provider installed. It supports key lengths from 384 bits to 512 bits in increments of 8 bits if you have the Microsoft base cryptographic provider installed.
`-m [y	n]`
`-o infile [outfile]`	Extracts the public key from the infile and stores it in a .csv file. A comma separates each byte of the public key. This format is useful for hard-coding references to keys as initialized arrays in source code. If you do not specify an outfile, this option places the output on the Clipboard. Note: This option does not verify that the input is only a public key. If the `infile` contains a key pair with a private key, the private key is also extracted.
`-p infile outfile [hashalg]`	Extracts the public key from the key pair in infile and stores it in outfile, optionally using the RSA algorithm specified by hashalg. This public key can be used to delay-sign an assembly using the /delaysign+ and /keyfile options of the Assembly Linker (Al.exe). When an assembly is delay-signed, only the public key is set at compile time and space is reserved in the file for the signature to be added later, when the private key is known.
`-pc container outfile [hashalg]`	Extracts the public key from the key pair in container and stores it in outfile. If you use the hashalg option, the RSA algorithm is used to extract the public key.
`-Pb [y	n]`
`-q[uiet]`	Specifies quiet mode; suppresses the display of success messages.
`-R[a] assembly infile`	Re-signs a previously signed or delay-signed assembly with the key pair in infile. If -Ra is used, hashes are recomputed for all files in the assembly.
`-Rc[a] assembly container`	Re-signs a previously signed or delay-signed assembly with the key pair in container. If -Rca is used, hashes are recomputed for all files in the assembly.
`-Rh assembly`	Recomputes hashes for all files in the assembly.
`-t[p] infile`	Displays the token for the public key stored in infile. The contents of infile must be a public key previously generated from a key pair file using -p. Do not use the -t[p] option to extract the token directly from a key pair file. Sn.exe computes the token by using a hash function from the public key. To save space, the common language runtime stores public key tokens in the manifest as part of a reference to another assembly when it records a dependency to an assembly that has a strong name. The -tp option displays the public key in addition to the token. If the xref:System.Reflection.AssemblySignatureKeyAttribute attribute has been applied to the assembly, the token is for the identity key, and the name of the hash algorithm and the identity key is displayed. Note that this option does not verify the assembly signature and should not be used to make trust decisions. This option only displays the raw public key token data.
`-T[p] assembly`	Displays the public key token for assembly. The assembly must be the name of a file that contains an assembly manifest. Sn.exe computes the token by using a hash function from the public key. To save space, the runtime stores public key tokens in the manifest as part of a reference to another assembly when it records a dependency to an assembly that has a strong name. The -Tp option displays the public key in addition to the token. If the xref:System.Reflection.AssemblySignatureKeyAttribute attribute has been applied to the assembly, the token is for the identity key, and the name of the hash algorithm and the identity key is displayed. Note that this option does not verify the assembly signature and should not be used to make trust decisions. This option only displays the raw public key token data.
`-TS assembly infile`	Test-signs the signed or partially signed assembly with the key pair in infile.
`-TSc assembly container`	Test-signs the signed or partially signed assembly with the key pair in the key container container.
`-v assembly`	Verifies the strong name in assembly, where assembly is the name of a file that contains an assembly manifest.
`-vf assembly`	Verifies the strong name in assembly. Unlike the -v option, -vf forces verification even if it is disabled using the -Vr option.
`-Vk regfile.reg assembly [userlist] [infile]`	Creates a registration entries (.reg) file you can use to register the specified assembly for verification skipping. The rules for assembly naming that apply to the -Vr option apply to –Vk as well. For information about the userlist and infile options, see the –Vr option.
`-Vl`	Lists current settings for strong-name verification on this computer.
`-Vr assembly [userlist] [infile]`	Registers assembly for verification skipping. Optionally, you can specify a comma-separated list of user names the skip verification should apply to. If you specify infile, verification remains enabled, but the public key in infile is used in verification operations. You can specify assembly in the form , strongname to register all assemblies with the specified strong name. For strongname, specify the string of hexadecimal digits representing the tokenized form of the public key. See the -t and -T options to display the public key token. Caution:* Use this option only during development. Adding an assembly to the skip verification list creates a security vulnerability. A malicious assembly could use the fully specified assembly name (assembly name, version, culture, and public key token) of the assembly added to the skip verification list to fake its identity. This would allow the malicious assembly to also skip verification.
`-Vu assembly`	Unregisters assembly for verification skipping. The same rules for assembly naming that apply to -Vr apply to -Vu.
`-Vx`	Removes all verification-skipping entries.
`-?`	Displays command syntax and options for the tool.

Sn.exe Generate Key Pair

[!NOTE]All Sn.exe options are case-sensitive and must be typed exactly as shown to be recognized by the tool.

Remarks

The -R and –Rc options are useful with assemblies that have been delay-signed. In this scenario, only the public key has been set at compile time and signing is performed later, when the private key is known.

[!NOTE]For parameters (for example, –Vr) that write to protected resources such as the registry, run SN.exe as an administrator.

The Strong Name tool assumes that public/private key pairs are generated with the AT_SIGNATURE algorithm identifier. Public/private key pairs generated with the AT_KEYEXCHANGE algorithm generate an error.

Examples

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The following command creates a new, random key pair and stores it in keyPair.snk.

The following command stores the key in keyPair.snk in the container MyContainer in the strong name CSP.

The following command extracts the public key from keyPair.snk and stores it in publicKey.snk.

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The following command displays the public key and the token for the public key contained in publicKey.snk.

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The following command verifies the assembly MyAsm.dll.

The following command deletes MyContainer from the default CSP.

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